Overloaded sewer systems may release partially or fully treated effluent into rivers and oceans during periods of intense rainfall or flooding. Sanitary products and other waste materials contaminate the ocean, harming aquatic life and ecosystems.
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Sanitary items can be mistaken for food by marine species, such as fish, turtles, and seabirds, which can result in ingestion and entanglement.

Plastics and other materials when consumed can result in blockages, internal damage, and even death. Movement restriction, injury, and increased susceptibility to predators are all possible effects of entanglement.
Sanitary items add to the rising issue of microplastic contamination as they degrade in the environment.
Tiny plastic particles known as microplastics can linger in the environment and make their way up the food chain.
Marine life consumes these particles, which build up in their bodies and may have an impact on human health when consumed in seafood.

Making the switch to reusable alternatives is one approach to lessen the impact that sanitary items have on sewers and oceans.